Human Artificial Intelligence

The volume, published by Vita e Pensiero (December 2025) and edited by Riva and Chiriatti,  is divided into four sections. In the chapter Causal Reasoning for Artificial Intelligence of section 3, Guido Consonni and Federico Castelletti argue for the need to combine the simple identification of patterns in data - typical of AI -  with the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cause and effect in order to meet the growing needs for interpretability, explainability and fairness of machine learning systems in real-world applications. To this end, in the chapter they introduce the fundamental ideas and methods of causal modeling and causal discovery as a conceptual framework and reasoning support tool.